14.40
materials informatics techniques
Drums along with other percussion
A standard drum kit is generally used in reggae, but the snare drum is usually tuned high to provide voice-type timbales. Some reggae drummers make use of an additional timbale or high-tuned snare to obtain this sound. Cross sticks on the snare drum technique popular, and tom-tom drums are often integrated into the drumbeat itself.
Reggae drumbeats fall under three main categories: One drop, Rockers and Steppers. With the decline in A, the emphasis is positioned on the 3rd beat of the bar (usually on the snare, or being an edge shot combined with bass drum). Beat the first is completely empty, that is unusual in popular music. There is some controversy about whether reggae should be counted in order that it falls around the third beat, or whether it ought to be counted half as fast, therefore it falls on two and four. Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace known as the beat '2-4 combination ". Many credit Carlton Barrett from the Wailers as the creator of the style. Example played by Barrett can be heard on Bob Marley and also the Wailers song "One Drop". Barrett often used a triplet cross-rhythm that is unusual around the hi-hat, which may be heard on many recordings by Bob Marley and also the Wailers, for example "Running Away" on the album Kaya.
The focus on beat three is in all reggae drumbeats, however with the Rockers beat, the emphasis is also on beat one (usually on bass drum). This beat was pioneered by Sly and Robbie, who later helped create the "Rub-a-Dub" sound that greatly influenced dancehall. Prototypical types of the design and style found in Sly Dunbar's drumming on "Right Time" by the Mighty Diamonds. Rockers beat is not always easy, and various syncopations are often included. An example of this is actually the Black Uhuru song "Sponji Reggae."
In Steppers, the bass drum plays four solid beats towards the bar, giving the beat drives constantly. A good example is "Exodus" by Bob Marley and The Wailers. Another common reputation for the Steppers beat may be the "four on the ground." Burning Spear's 1975 song "Red, Gold, and Green" (with Leroy Wallace on drums) is one early example. Steppers beat was adopted (in a higher tempo) by some 2 bands Tone ska revival of the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Unusual sign of reggae drumming is that the drum fills often do not end having a climactic cymbal. A number of other percussion instruments utilized in reggae. Bongos are often used to play free, improvised patterns, with heavy utilization of African-style cross-rhythms. Cowbells, claves and shakers generally have more definite role along with a set pattern.
A standard drum kit is generally used in reggae, but the snare drum is usually tuned high to provide voice-type timbales. Some reggae drummers make use of an additional timbale or high-tuned snare to obtain this sound. Cross sticks on the snare drum technique popular, and tom-tom drums are often integrated into the drumbeat itself.
Reggae drumbeats fall under three main categories: One drop, Rockers and Steppers. With the decline in A, the emphasis is positioned on the 3rd beat of the bar (usually on the snare, or being an edge shot combined with bass drum). Beat the first is completely empty, that is unusual in popular music. There is some controversy about whether reggae should be counted in order that it falls around the third beat, or whether it ought to be counted half as fast, therefore it falls on two and four. Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace known as the beat '2-4 combination ". Many credit Carlton Barrett from the Wailers as the creator of the style. Example played by Barrett can be heard on Bob Marley and also the Wailers song "One Drop". Barrett often used a triplet cross-rhythm that is unusual around the hi-hat, which may be heard on many recordings by Bob Marley and also the Wailers, for example "Running Away" on the album Kaya.
The focus on beat three is in all reggae drumbeats, however with the Rockers beat, the emphasis is also on beat one (usually on bass drum). This beat was pioneered by Sly and Robbie, who later helped create the "Rub-a-Dub" sound that greatly influenced dancehall. Prototypical types of the design and style found in Sly Dunbar's drumming on "Right Time" by the Mighty Diamonds. Rockers beat is not always easy, and various syncopations are often included. An example of this is actually the Black Uhuru song "Sponji Reggae."
In Steppers, the bass drum plays four solid beats towards the bar, giving the beat drives constantly. A good example is "Exodus" by Bob Marley and The Wailers. Another common reputation for the Steppers beat may be the "four on the ground." Burning Spear's 1975 song "Red, Gold, and Green" (with Leroy Wallace on drums) is one early example. Steppers beat was adopted (in a higher tempo) by some 2 bands Tone ska revival of the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Unusual sign of reggae drumming is that the drum fills often do not end having a climactic cymbal. A number of other percussion instruments utilized in reggae. Bongos are often used to play free, improvised patterns, with heavy utilization of African-style cross-rhythms. Cowbells, claves and shakers generally have more definite role along with a set pattern.
bass
Bass guitar often plays a very dominant role in reggae, and drum and bass is often called the riddim (rhythm). Several reggae singers have released different songs recorded over the same riddim. The central role of the bass can be heard in dub music - which gives a greater role for the drum and bass, reduce vocals and other instruments to peripheral roles. Bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies are emphasized. Bass line riff is often a simple two-bar centered around a bold and heaviest records.
GuitarsBass guitar often plays a very dominant role in reggae, and drum and bass is often called the riddim (rhythm). Several reggae singers have released different songs recorded over the same riddim. The central role of the bass can be heard in dub music - which gives a greater role for the drum and bass, reduce vocals and other instruments to peripheral roles. Bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies are emphasized. Bass line riff is often a simple two-bar centered around a bold and heaviest records.
Guitar in reggae usually plays the chords on beats two and four, a musical figure known as a prostitute or 'bang' it. Have a very wet, and itching to cut short a sound, almost like a percussion instrument. Sometimes the double cut is used when the guitar is still playing off beats, but also plays the following 8th beats on the stroke-ups. An example is the intro to "Stir It Up" by The Wailers. Artist and producer Derrick Harriott said, "What happens is that the music is real wide, but only among a certain kind of person. That is something that is always down-town, but more than just listening to music. Equipment vibration was so strong and so powerful that we feel it. "
Keyboard
In the late 1960s to early 1980s, the piano is usually used in reggae to double the amount rhythm guitar was a prostitute, played a chord inside a staccato style to include body, and occasionally playing an extra beat, runs and riffs. Many piano part was absorbed by the synthesizer in the 1980s, although synthesizers happen to be used in a peripheral role since 1970 to experience incidental melodies and countermelodies. larger bands may include either being an additional keyboardist, to cover or replace horn and melody lines, or even the main keyboardist filling these roles on two or more keyboards.
Reggae-organ shuffle is unique to reggae. Typically, Hammond organ-style sound that used to play a chord with the feel choppy. This is known as a bubble. There are particular drawbar settings utilized on a Hammond console to find the correct sound. This might be probably the most difficult reggae keyboard rhythm. 8th beats are used the pattern of space-left-right-left-space-left-right-left, where space isn't playing downbeats-the left-right-left to fall around the ee-and-a.
Horn
Horn sections in many cases are utilized in reggae, often playing introductions and counter-melodies. Instruments included in a typical reggae horn section include saxophone, trumpet or trombone. In recent times, real horns are sometimes replaced in reggae by synthesizers or recorded samples. Horn section is often arranged around the first horn, playing a simple melody or counter melody. The first horn is usually along with a second horn playing exactly the same melodic phrase in unision, one octave higher. The third horn usually plays the melody an octave along with a fifth higher than the first horn. Horns are usually played fairly softly, usually resulting in calming voice. However, sometimes punchier, harsh phrases that are played towards the tempo up and sound more aggressive.
Vowel
Vocals in reggae are less than usual for the genre than the instrumentation and rhythms, because almost every song can be done in a reggae style. However, it is very common for reggae that'll be sung in Jamaican patois, English Jamaica, and the dialect Iyaric. Vocal harmony parts are often used, either in whole melody (like with bands like the Mighty Diamonds), or like a counterpoint to the main vocal line (just like the support group I-Threes). British reggae band Steel Pulse used backing vocals are extremely complex. A unique aspect of reggae singing is that many singers use tremolo (volume oscillation) rather than vibrato (pitch oscillation). Leading exponents of the technique include Dennis Brown and Horace Andy. Roasting vocal style is exclusive to reggae, originating when DJs improvised along to dub tracks, and is generally considered to be a precursor to rap. It is different from rap mainly for the reason that it's generally melodic, while rap is usually more verbal form without melodic content.
Lyrical themes
Reggae is known for the tradition of social criticism in the lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, for example love and socializing. Many early reggae band covered Motown or Atlantic soul and funk songs. Some reggae lyrics make an effort to raise the political consciousness of the audience, for example by criticizing materialism, or by informing the listener about controversial subjects such as Apartheid. Many reggae songs promote using cannabis (also called the herb, marijuana, or sensimilia), is considered a sacrament in the Rastafari movement. There are lots of artists who utilize religious themes in their music - whether it addresses the main topic of a specific religion, or simply give praise to God (Jah). Other socio-political topics together in reggae songs include black nationalism, anti-racism, anti-colonialism, anti-capitalism and also the critique of political systems and "Babylon".
In the late 1960s to early 1980s, the piano is usually used in reggae to double the amount rhythm guitar was a prostitute, played a chord inside a staccato style to include body, and occasionally playing an extra beat, runs and riffs. Many piano part was absorbed by the synthesizer in the 1980s, although synthesizers happen to be used in a peripheral role since 1970 to experience incidental melodies and countermelodies. larger bands may include either being an additional keyboardist, to cover or replace horn and melody lines, or even the main keyboardist filling these roles on two or more keyboards.
Reggae-organ shuffle is unique to reggae. Typically, Hammond organ-style sound that used to play a chord with the feel choppy. This is known as a bubble. There are particular drawbar settings utilized on a Hammond console to find the correct sound. This might be probably the most difficult reggae keyboard rhythm. 8th beats are used the pattern of space-left-right-left-space-left-right-left, where space isn't playing downbeats-the left-right-left to fall around the ee-and-a.
Horn
Horn sections in many cases are utilized in reggae, often playing introductions and counter-melodies. Instruments included in a typical reggae horn section include saxophone, trumpet or trombone. In recent times, real horns are sometimes replaced in reggae by synthesizers or recorded samples. Horn section is often arranged around the first horn, playing a simple melody or counter melody. The first horn is usually along with a second horn playing exactly the same melodic phrase in unision, one octave higher. The third horn usually plays the melody an octave along with a fifth higher than the first horn. Horns are usually played fairly softly, usually resulting in calming voice. However, sometimes punchier, harsh phrases that are played towards the tempo up and sound more aggressive.
Vowel
Vocals in reggae are less than usual for the genre than the instrumentation and rhythms, because almost every song can be done in a reggae style. However, it is very common for reggae that'll be sung in Jamaican patois, English Jamaica, and the dialect Iyaric. Vocal harmony parts are often used, either in whole melody (like with bands like the Mighty Diamonds), or like a counterpoint to the main vocal line (just like the support group I-Threes). British reggae band Steel Pulse used backing vocals are extremely complex. A unique aspect of reggae singing is that many singers use tremolo (volume oscillation) rather than vibrato (pitch oscillation). Leading exponents of the technique include Dennis Brown and Horace Andy. Roasting vocal style is exclusive to reggae, originating when DJs improvised along to dub tracks, and is generally considered to be a precursor to rap. It is different from rap mainly for the reason that it's generally melodic, while rap is usually more verbal form without melodic content.
Lyrical themes
Reggae is known for the tradition of social criticism in the lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, for example love and socializing. Many early reggae band covered Motown or Atlantic soul and funk songs. Some reggae lyrics make an effort to raise the political consciousness of the audience, for example by criticizing materialism, or by informing the listener about controversial subjects such as Apartheid. Many reggae songs promote using cannabis (also called the herb, marijuana, or sensimilia), is considered a sacrament in the Rastafari movement. There are lots of artists who utilize religious themes in their music - whether it addresses the main topic of a specific religion, or simply give praise to God (Jah). Other socio-political topics together in reggae songs include black nationalism, anti-racism, anti-colonialism, anti-capitalism and also the critique of political systems and "Babylon".
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